DDJ 51. 生而不有，经不看长

第五十一章
[原文]

道生之，德畜之，物形之，势①成之。是以万物莫不尊道而贵德。道之尊，德之贵，夫莫之命而常自然②。故道生之，德畜之，长之育之，亭之毒之③；养④之覆⑤之。生而不有，为而不恃，长而不宰，是谓玄德⑥。

[译文]

道生成万事万物，德养育万事万物。万事万物虽现出各种各样的形态，环境使万事万物成长起来。故此，万事万物莫不尊崇道而珍贵德。道之所以被尊崇，德所以被珍贵，就是由于道生长万物而不加以干涉，德畜养万物而不加以主宰，顺其自然。因而，道生长万物，德养育万物，使万物生长发展，成熟结果，使其受到抚养、保护。生长万物而不居为己有，抚育万物而不自恃有功，导引万物而不主宰，这就是奥妙玄远的德。

http://www.daodejing.org/51.html

道，德，物，势, 重要的东西多说几遍。  幼儿对个体已经开始理解。 可是大多数人出生到老，都没有认真考虑系统。  生而不有，为而不恃，长而不宰。  

盆友说：“你们道德经怎么这么短，看隔壁老太太的经文，那叫做长！ 那叫做名著！ 那叫做大部头！ 妥妥保证拿裸奔二奖！“   道德经甚简短，甚卑微，甚黯淡。 与星光同寿无法，与牛皮比吹无法，无可比。

Constitution 

He (The President) may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices, and he shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment.

http://www.heritage.org/constitution/#!/articles/2/essays/88/opinion-clause

In history of China, there was constant tension within the executive leadership formed by the King/Emperors and their concillors, advisors, ministers and other political cliques.   Apparently this internal tension/conflict was universal enough that the Founding Fathers tried to loosen the mostly hidden puppet string somewhat on the executive branch.  So the Framers of the US Constitution did not ordain a cabinet but let the President to form his own, on his authority not that of the legislative branch.

http://www.heritage.org/constitution/#!/articles/2/essays/89/pardon-power

"The power to pardon is one of the least limited powers granted to the President in the Constitution. The only limits mentioned in the Constitution are that pardons are limited to offenses against the United States (i.e., not civil or state cases), and that they cannot affect an impeachment process. 

...

Pardons have also been used for the broader public-policy purpose of ensuring peace and tranquility in the case of uprisings and to bring peace after internal conflicts. Its use might be needed in such cases. As Alexander Hamilton argued inThe Federalist No. 74, "in seasons of insurrection or rebellion there are often critical moments when a well-timed offer of pardon to the insurgents or rebels may restore the tranquility of the commonwealth; and which, if suffered to pass unimproved, it may never be possible afterwards to recall." Presidents have sought to use the pardon power to overcome or mitigate the effects of major crises that afflicted the polity. President George Washington granted an amnesty to those who participated in the Whiskey Rebellion; Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson issued amnesties to those involved with the Confederates during the Civil War; and Presidents Gerald R. Ford and James Earl Carter granted amnesties to Vietnam-era draft evaders."

道之尊，德之贵，夫莫之命而常自然。  Why is the US Constitution considered almost sacred?

https://www.quora.com/Why-is-the-US-Constitution-considered-almost-sacred-200-years-after-it-was-written

I use Heritage Foundation's guide to the Constitution.   A little history on the Heritage Foundation.   Once upon a time Republican Conservatism was considered an intellectual backwater, then a wave of Evangelism, the Heritage Foundation and its 2000 ideas for Reagan:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Heritage_Foundation

Purdue buying Kaplan University.  When $1 is not $1，一叶落而知秋。

https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2017/05/04/purdues-deal-kaplan-packs-low-front-costs-long-terms-and-boundary-pushing-details