DDj 64. 为之于未有，治之于未乱

第六十四章
[原文]

其安易持，其未兆易谋；其脆易泮①，其微易散。为之于未有，治之于未乱。合抱之木，生于毫末②；九层之台，起于累土③；千里之行，始于足下。为者败之，执者失之④。是以圣人无为故无败，无执故无失⑤。民之从事，常于几成而败之。慎终如始，则无败事。是以圣人欲不欲，不贵难得之货，学不学⑥，复众人之所过，以辅万物之自然而不敢为⑦。

[译文]

局面安定时容易保持和维护，事变没有出现迹象时容易图谋；事物脆弱时容易消解；事物细微时容易散失；做事情要在它尚未发生以前就处理妥当；治理国政，要在祸乱没有产生以前就早做准备。合抱的大树，生长于细小的萌芽；九层的高台，筑起于每一堆泥土；千里的远行，是从脚下第一步开始走出来的。有所作为的将会招致失败，有所执着的将会遭受损害。因此圣人无所作为所以也不会招致失败，无所执着所以也不遭受损害。人们做事情，总是在快要成功时失败，所以当事情快要完成的时候，也要像开始时那样慎重，就没有办不成的事情。因此，有道的圣人追求人所不追求的，不稀罕难以得到的货物，学习别人所不学习的，补救众人所经常犯的过错。这样遵循万物的自然本性而不会妄加干预。

http://www.daodejing.org/64.html

“其安易持，其未兆易谋；其脆易泮，其微易散。为之于未有，治之于未乱...  是以圣人欲不欲，不贵难得之货，学不学，复众人之所过"：道教如其创立者，热衷于复盘，回答5个问题:

1.  What happened?  基本数据在司马迁史纪等黄老系历史学著作

2.  Was it accidental or result of systemic process/human planning?  合抱之木，生于毫末②；九层之台，起于累土③；千里之行，始于足下。
3.  What will happen, given certain phenomenon?  其安易持，其未兆易谋；其脆易泮，其微易散

4.  How to influence the future?   为之于未有，治之于未乱

5.  How to live a life free and become master of own destiny?  慎终如始，则无败事

道德经的终极问题对过去和未来进行理性，人本的思考。 但是对“现在”却表面上三缄其口。所以道德经跟宪法一起读，相得益彰。 “学不学”，为什么不学？

ARTICLE VI: SUPREME LAW

All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, before the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution, as under the Confederation.

This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.

The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States.

Article IV encompasses Past (Articles of Confederation,  Debts), Present and Future (Supreme Law, Oath/Affirmation， No religious test shall EVER be required as a Qualification).    Essays are inlined。 强推可读。

"Any federal system needs a strategy for dealing with potential conflicts between the national and local governments. There are at least three strategies available. First, each government could be given exclusive jurisdiction over its respective sphere, which would, at least in theory, avoid altogether the possibility of direct conflict. Second, the governments could have concurrent jurisdiction, but one government could be given power to veto actions of the other, either in the event of actual conflict or in general classes of cases. Third, both governments could be allowed to act without mutual interference, but one government's acts could be given primacy over the other's acts in the event of actual conflict."

http://www.heritage.org/constitution/#!/articles/6/essays/132/debt-assumption

http://www.heritage.org/constitution/#!/articles/6/essays/133/supremacy-clause

http://www.heritage.org/constitution/#!/articles/6/essays/134/oaths-clause

http://www.heritage.org/constitution/#!/articles/6/essays/135/religious-test

合抱之木，生于毫末；九层之台，起于累土；千里之行，始于足下。 Federalist Papers
http://www.let.rug.nl/usa/documents/1786-1800/the-federalist-papers/introduction.php