DDJ 77. 天之道，损有余而补不足

第七十七章
[原文]

天之道，其犹张弓与？高者抑下，下者举之，有余者损之，不足者补之。天之道，损有余而补不足。人之道①，则不然，损不足以奉有余。孰能有余以奉天下，唯有道者。是以圣人为而不恃，功成而不处，其不欲见贤②。

[译文]

自然的规律，不是很像张弓射箭吗？弦拉高了就把它压低一些，低了就把它举高一些，拉得过满了就把它放松一些，拉得不足了就把它补充一些。自然的规律，是减少有余的补给不足的。可是社会的法则却不是这样，要减少不足的，来奉献给有余的人。那么，谁能够减少有余的，以补给天下人的不足呢？只有有道的人才可以做到。因此，有道的圣人这才有所作为而不占有，有所成就而不居功。他是不愿意显示自己的贤能。

http://www.daodejing.org/77.html

"天之道，损有余而补不足", 老子总结历史数据, 现代统计学和信息学,热力学多有印证。

Return to the Mean
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regression_toward_the_mean

“人之道①，则不然，损不足以奉有余。”  人却总是想逆天道而行之： 严刑峻法（秦）， 戮杀功臣分封刘姓（汉高），穷兵黩武（汉武），假仁假义（汉武以后）， 引狼入室（魏晋唐）， 废武崇文（宋）。  江山永固，是梦宜醒。  

“孰能有余以奉天下？ 唯有道者。 是以圣人为而不恃，功成而不处，其不欲见贤“。 武训传
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XEj44Ki-LOE

武训文盲，居然能得“义学病”。  孔子仕途不顺，自建私校。 黑人奴隶们一解放就兴建100多个黑人大学。北美几十万华人大学毕业生，哭天抹泪藤校歧视；北美华人子弟受高校歧视，竟无华人私校无华人大学可以收留教育成才。  自恨求“融入”，也是梦宜醒。   司马迁要是复生，不知道有什么点评。 

AMENDMENT XV

Section 1

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude —

Section 2

The Congress shall have the power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

“Passed by Congress on March 3, 1869, and ratified in 1870, the Fifteenth Amendment was the last of the three Reconstruction Amendments. Though the language of the Fifteenth Amendment prohibits all race-based discrimination in qualifications for voting, the Framers were primarily concerned with the enfranchisement of African-Americans. As early as 1866, many of the Republicans were convinced of the need for a constitutional amendment that would require the states to allow African-Americans to vote. Indeed, at one point the Joint Committee on Reconstruction voted to report a version of the Fourteenth Amendment that explicitly embraced the principle of race-blind suffrage. However, many Northerners continued to oppose black suffrage in principle, and fears of a political backlash led the committee to abandon the issue before the proposed amendment came to the floor. By 1869, the situation had changed. Although the outcome of referenda on black suffrage in the North continued to reflect the opposition of critical swing voters, other factors persuaded mainstream Republicans in Congress of the need for a federal constitutional amendment to deal with the issue.”

华人不学法律，不懂法律，就不明天道：可以文“坑”，可以武“坑”。   当苦力被排华法案给驱逐；现在做生意当老板，照样是那个被”损“的。天之道，损有余而补不足。  话说Lexmark上世纪九十年代被IBM spun-out， 带走1000＋打印机专利。 2016年3个Billion 卖给中国公司。 一年以后，最高法庭裁决against Lexmark.
http://gizmodo.com/fans-of-cheap-drugs-and-printer-ink-just-won-big-in-the-1795662756

危机危机，没有危机感，只有危险。  有危机感，才能有“机会”。没有危机感，则只有自己危险不醒悟，坐看别人利用机会。 所以目不识丁的武训，比北美几十万精英，说不定更加理解天道和危机。

DDJ 76. 兵强则灭，14修订，端午Memorial Day

第七十六章
[原文]

人之生也柔弱①，其死也坚强②。草木③之生也柔脆④，其死也枯槁⑤。故坚强者死之徒⑥，柔弱者生之徒⑦。是以兵强则灭，木强则折⑧。强大处下，柔弱处上。

[译文]

人活着的时候身体是柔软的，死了以后身体就变得僵硬。草木生长时是柔软脆弱的，死了以后就变得干硬枯槁了。所以坚强的东西属于死亡的一类，柔弱的东西属于生长的一类。因此，用兵逞强就会遭到灭亡，树木强大了就会遭到砍伐摧折。凡是强大的，总是处于下位，凡是柔弱的，反而居于上位。

http://www.daodejing.org/76.html

"故坚强者死之徒⑥，柔弱者生之徒⑦。  兵强则灭，木强则折。"   道德经对兵家的影响，从孙子开篇看出来。  “始計篇 第一     孫子曰：兵者，國之大事，死生之地，存亡之道，不可不察也。故經之以五，校之以計，而索其情：一曰道，二曰天，三曰地，四曰將，五曰法。道者，令民于上同意者也”

回看：”域中⑾有四大，而人居其一焉。人法地、地法天、天法道、道法自然“。  
http://www.daodejing.org/25.html

道德经有很强的预言性。六国之殇，至今震撼人心。 端午Memorial Day今年重合。 美国华人有很多原因应该纪念屈原。 “怀王使屈原造为宪令”，屈原是诗人，也是宪法改革先驱。  “民离散而相失兮，方仲春而东迁。“－ 九章·哀郢  我们就是东迁的。 

AMENDMENT XIVEssays »

Section 1

All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

Section 2

Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice-President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State.

Section 3

No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.

Section 4

The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.

Section 5

The Congress shall have the power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.

How the Civil War played out.  One of the key reason motivating Southern States to secede from Union was the demographic loss of Slave States.   The 14th State to 33rd State to join the Union were majority non-slave holding States, all slave states suffer from low population (since slaves don't count as much as free citizens in votes). The 34th State Kansas was the center for a huge battle between abolitionists and slave owners and eventually joined the Union.  The South was losing elections in the Congress and losing Presidential elections as well.  

http://www.ipl.org/div/stateknow/dates.html

Electoral map as in 1860.   The west coast and most of the west looked like lost to the South.

http://www.270towin.com/1860_Election/

The Southerners could not afford to wait any longer.  So they planned to secede and a preemptive strike to start the Civil War.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War#Prelude_to_war

Fast forward to the end of the war.   After half century of no Constitutional Amendments, the Congress passed the Reconstruction Amendments in rapid succession.   The Civil Rights Act of 1866 had previously asserted that "All persons born in the United States and not subject to any foreign power, excluding Indians not taxed, are hereby declared to be citizens of the United States." The immediate impetus for the Fourteenth Amendment was to constitutionalize and validate the Civil Rights Act because some had questioned whether the Thirteenth Amendment was a sufficient basis for its constitutionality. A constitutional amendment would also have the advantage of preventing a later unfriendly Congress from repealing it.

Amendment XIV were relevant last century, and it is still relevant today. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Exclusion_Act

儒家孟母她儿子有说。"春秋无义战。彼善于此，则有之矣。征者，上伐下也，敌国不相征也"

美国南方退出联邦，算”违宪“吗？北方征讨南方，算“义战”吗？ 二战算“义战“吗？  二战以后有“义战”吗？  中美有”义战“吗？

幸好道教概率上谈谈上上下下，实际上没怎么讲究上上下下（若以下犯上，儒教口水淹死人）。  世世代代，美国华人应该纪念排华法案”离散而相失“者， 纪念华裔老兵英雄. 也应该纪念埋骨中国太平洋的二战美军。    

https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/2358/text

美国华裔这个少数民族，致敬谁？缅怀谁？传承谁？这些问题早晚都需要水落石出。  愿中美永无战事，庸人不自扰之。

DDJ 75. 求生之厚，废奴十三修订

第七十五章
[原文]

民之饥，以其上食税之多，是以饥。民之难治，以其上之有为①，是以难治。民之轻死，以其上求生之厚②，是以轻死。夫唯无以生为③者，是贤④于贵生⑤。

[译文]

人民所以遭受饥荒，就是由于统治者吞吃赋税太多，所以人民才陷于饥饿。人民之所以难于统治，是由于统治者政令繁苛、喜欢有所作为，所以人民就难于统治。人民之所以轻生冒死，是由于统治者为了奉养自己，把民脂民膏都搜刮净了，所以人民觉得死了不算什么。只有不去追求生活享受的人，才比过分看重自己生命的人高明。

http://www.daodejing.org/75.html

“民之难治，以其上之有为①，是以难治。民之轻死，以其上求生之厚②，是以轻死。夫唯无以生为者，是贤于贵生.  ”

屈原既放，游于江潭，行吟泽畔①。颜色憔悴，形容枯槁②。渔父见而问之，曰：“子非三闾大夫欤③？何故至于斯？”屈原曰：举世皆浊我独清，众人皆醉我独醒，是以见放④。”渔父曰：圣人不凝滞于物，而能与世推移⑤。世人皆浊，何不淈其泥而扬其波⑥？众人皆醉，何不哺其糟而啜其醨⑦？何故深思高举，自令放为⑧？”屈原曰：吾闻之：新沐者必弹冠，新浴者必振衣⑨。安能以身之察察⑩，受物之汶汶者乎？宁赴湘流，葬身于江鱼之腹中。安能以皓皓之白，而蒙世俗之尘埃乎？”渔父莞尔而笑，鼓枻而去。歌曰：“沧浪之水清兮，可以濯吾缨。沧浪之水浊兮，可以濯吾足。”遂去，不复与言。

屈原在美国历史上，最像Thomas Jefferson, Robert Lee 这些南方忧郁贵族，文豪名将；本身充满矛盾，叛逆眷恋，无力回天。 

道教怜惜屈原“皓皓之白”，然不推荐以“身之察察”赴湘流。  ”宁其死为留骨而贵乎，宁其生而曳尾于涂中乎“ － 庄子

昔斗子文三舍令尹，无一日之积，恤民之故也。成王闻子文之朝不及夕也，于是乎每朝设脯一束，糗一筐，以羞子文；至于今秩之。成王每出子文之禄，必逃，王止而后复。人谓子文曰：‘人生求富，而子逃之，何也？’对曰：‘夫从政者，以庇民也。民多旷者，而我取富焉，是勤民以自封也，死无日矣。我逃死，非逃富也。’故庄王之世，灭若敖氏，唯子文之后在，至于今处郧，为楚良臣。

结合第五十章：
[原文]

出生入死①，生之徒②，十有三③；死之徒④，十有三；人之生，动之于死地⑤，亦十有三。夫何故？以其生生之厚⑥。盖闻善摄生⑦者，陆行不遇兕虎⑧，入军不被甲兵⑨。兕无所投其角，虎无所措其爪，兵无所容其刃。夫何故？以其无死地⑩。

富贵，死地。役人，死地。自恨，死地。 轻死，死地。 

故，逃富贵，逃役人，逃自恨，不重生而不轻死。  

AMENDMENT XIII

Section 1

Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

Section 2

Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

http://www.heritage.org/constitution/#!/amendments/13/essays/166/abolition-of-slavery

Quoted from above:

The Thirteenth Amendment was intended to complete the destruction of slavery begun by the U.S. government during the Civil War in its policy of military emancipation. The official aim of the war was to preserve the Union and the Constitution against the attempt of eleven Southern states to secede from the Union by armed force. In an attempt to keep the peace and prevent further secession, Congress proposed a constitutional amendment on March 2, 1861, stating that the Constitution should never be amended to give Congress power to abolish or interfere with slavery within any state. Once the South had seceded, the status of slavery in the rebellious states was subject to change. Union policy recognized that emancipation of slaves employed in support of the rebellion was a legitimate war measure. The Emancipation Proclamation, issued by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, signaled the transformation of an expedient military strategy into a settled executive policy for maintaining the freedom of slaves, emancipated by military means or through enforcement of confiscation and treason statutes enacted by Congress.

On the assumption that slavery was a state rather than national institution, antislavery advocates at first anticipated that military defeat of the Confederacy would result in its abolition through amendment of state constitutions. The Emancipation Proclamation shifted the focus of antislavery strategy to the national government. Lincoln's proclamation stated that "the Executive government of the United States, including the military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom" of emancipated slaves. ...    The legal effect of the executive order on individual slaves was uncertain... To place slave emancipation on a secure constitutional footing, Congress proposed on January 31, 1865, to abolish slavery by constitutional amendment. Ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment, including approval by reconstructed governments in the former Confederate states, was completed on December 6, 1865.

...

The Thirteenth Amendment is libertarian in its nature and purpose, however, rather than egalitarian. The libertarian characteristic of the amendment was made clear in congressional debate in 1864. Congress rejected a more far-reaching proposal, which stated: "All persons are equal before the law, so that no person can hold another as a slave; and the Congress shall have the power to make all laws necessary and proper to carry this declaration into effect everywhere within the United States."

http://www.historyplace.com/civilwar/

道德经是中国古代废奴先驱也是废奴思想集大成者。但是老子有不直说的习惯；“我有三宝”，大约他以为奴隶主认真研究“慈俭让”，就可以自己动手照顾自己，还奴隶自由。 最明确继承废奴思想的墨家风靡一时，又MIA。儒教也继承废奴思想，但是君子动口不动手，忠君高于爱民，指望儒教不现实。 道教不常执政，但凡执政废话不说, 先减税废奴； 虽然很快就有口摘桃子的把道教吆喝到边边上站着，但也算无愧于心尽力而为。

所以老子不直说，不捅破窗户纸，有点失算。 奴隶制一直没有根绝，毒瘤在以后的2500年中定期发作，毒死毒残好几个重要朝代（比如司马晋朝，唐，宋）； 甚至贴心地为广大奴隶们输入全套奴隶教； 宋朝以后，草原奴隶主们更是万众一心，”去花花世界，抢美女奴隶“是他们的号召口号。  

要是老子重生，回顾2500年历史，也会同意：

沧浪之水清兮，可以濯吾缨。沧浪之水浊兮，可以濯吾足。

千古正邪不两立，不失道国自由心。  

DDJ 74. 代大匠斫, 削藩自削

第七十四章
[原文]

民不畏死，奈何以死惧之。若使民常畏死，而为奇①者，吾得执②而杀之，孰敢？常有司杀者③杀。夫代司杀者④杀，是谓代大匠斫⑤，希有不伤其手者矣。

[译文]
人民不畏惧死亡，为什么用死来吓唬他们呢？假如人民真的畏惧死亡的话，对于为非作歹的人，我们就把他抓来杀掉。谁还敢为非作歹？经常有专管杀人的人去执行杀人的任务，代替专管杀人的人去杀人，就如同代替高明的木匠去砍木头，那代替高明的木匠砍木头的人，很少有不砍伤自己手指头的。
http://www.daodejing.org/74.html

这一段跟前面结构很像。

民不畏威①，则大威至②。无狎③其所居，无厌④其所生。夫唯不厌⑤，是以不厌。是以圣人自知不自见⑥，自爱不自贵⑦。故去彼取此⑧。
http://www.daodejing.org/72.html

老子道德经有很多具体执政的建议：无狎③其所居，无厌④其所生；
夫代司杀者④杀，是谓代大匠斫⑤，希有不伤其手者矣。 “越俎代庖” －庄子zh。

道教执政需要1）尊重民的生存隐私权利；2）需要分工；3）领地分治。 加起来，就是清静无为之政。

刘邦善听，以道得国，在位不过七八年，折合美国总统两届； 不过儒生们自有办法，唤醒刘邦内心权利的躁动。 儒生叔孙通作礼仪,于是高帝曰:'吾乃至今日知为皇帝之贵。' 既然如此之贵，要不择手段保住。 手段就是诛杀功臣异姓王，如韩信这悲催孩子； 与脑子进水的其他功臣一起缔结“白马之盟”： 非刘氏而王，天下共击之。
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E9%A6%AC%E4%B9%8B%E7%9B%9F

老刘杀功臣，逼功臣确立天下藩王都姓刘，想法够自私够可耻。 很快连刘姓王都忍不住内讧，毕竟你也姓刘，我也姓刘，都想做体验一下“皇帝之贵”啊。 所以就有晁错这悲催孩子，跳出来倡议“削藩“；这下好，捅了藩王马蜂窝。可怜晁错被汉景帝连诳带骗，全家祭入了儒家天堂，永世跪舔。藩王制度也受汉武帝长期削弱，最后名存实亡。

儒家历史学家对晁错的评价往往拔高成忠良烈士（汉书），道家历史学家对晁错的评价只是“傻孩子”（史记）。
http://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%A2%81%E7%9B%8E%E6%99%81%E9%94%99%E5%88%97%E4%BC%A0

太史公曰：袁盎虽不好学，亦善傅会，仁心为质，引义慨。遭孝文初立，资适逢世（孝文道治）。 时以变易，及吴楚一说，说虽行哉，然复不遂。好声矜贤，竟以名败。晁错为家令时，数言事不用；後擅权，多所变更。诸侯发难，不急匡救，欲报私雠，反以亡躯。语曰“变古乱常，不死则亡”，（动摇道家国本，毁白马之盟），岂错等谓邪！

除汉孝文帝，汉光武帝以外，汉帝风格：飞鸟尽，良弓藏；伴君如伴虎；轻盟爽约，滥杀大臣，动则灭族。 帝王亲自”代司杀者“， 或者指示近臣”代司杀者“，欺世盗名不可久也。 武帝以后，汉帝除了光武帝，往往短寿横死；不一定是天谴，大概是外戚党，太监党，以其之道还施彼身。

西汉朝惊心动魄的改国策，儒代道，儒教独尊后依然内斗频发。 后来的华夏王朝凡用儒代道无不遭到同样的诅咒。 为什么美国建国国父却能够避免这种诅咒呢？ 因为美国的类似儒家的思想，没有能够被独尊。 道家的思想始终占上手。 后面会说。

有人好意教育我勿“唧唧歪歪”。 论唧唧歪歪，谁能比屈原？

屈原至今被楚人缅怀，还有谁怀念汉景帝肚里的一等蛔虫，晁错？

彼尧、舜之耿介兮，既遵道而得路。
何桀纣之猖披兮，夫惟捷径以窘步。
惟夫党人之偷乐兮，路幽昧以险隘。
。。。
路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索。
http://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%A6%BB%E9%AA%9A/1045

AMENDMENT XI
The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State.

“The Eleventh Amendment was ratified in 1795 as a response to the Supreme Court's decision in Chisholm v. Georgia (1793). Chisholm had held that the federal courts could hear suits by individuals against state governments for money damages, notwithstanding the sovereign immunity that the states had traditionally enjoyed. The resulting furor—based largely on concerns that the states would be held accountable for their Revolutionary War debts—gave rise in 1795 to the ratification of the Eleventh Amendment, which established a fairly narrow textual bar to jurisdiction in cases like Chisholm itself. Chisholm was the first major constitutional decision of the new Court, and the Eleventh Amendment reversed it, eight years before Marbury v. Madison (1803).

The notion of sovereign immunity predates the Eleventh Amendment, having its origins in the English common law as well as from political theorists such as Thomas Hobbes and Jean Bodin. The Framers were clearly aware of the traditional doctrine that the states were immune from private lawsuits as sovereign entities, and some Anti-Federalists feared that Article III, Section 1, of the Constitution—which declares that the federal judicial power extends to suits "between a State and Citizens of another State"—would override that doctrine. Several key Framers—including Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Marshall—are on record denying that the Constitution would, of its own force, deprive the states of this immunity...

In addition to abrogating state immunities under Section 5, Congress retains other important tools for holding state actors accountable for violations of federal law. Congress can, for example, require the states to waive their immunities as a condition for receipt of federal grants under the Spending Clause (Article I, Section 8, Clause 1). Furthermore, state sovereign immunity has never been understood to bar suits by the United States itself. Federal enforcement agencies thus may continue to enforce the ADEA and ADA against state governments. Nor does state immunity bar claims against state officers for injunctive relief or (when the officer is sued in his personal capacity) for money damages. So long as these options exist, the sovereign immunity embodied in the Eleventh Amendment and its extratextual background principles will tend to force suits against the states into certain channels without entirely eliminating the possibility of relief.
https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendments/amendment-xi

AMENDMENT XII
The Electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate; — the President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted; — The person having the greatest number of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. — The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States.
The Twelfth Amendment, the last to be proposed by the Founding generation, was proposed for ratification in December 1803 and was ratified in 1804, in time for the presidential election that year. The previous system had yielded, in the election of 1796, Federalist John Adams's election as President, while his bitter rival and sometimes-close friend, Republican Thomas Jefferson, was elected Vice President. In the election of 1800, Republican electors, though they clearly preferred Jefferson, sought to guarantee that Republicans won both offices, and cast seventy-three electoral votes for both Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr. This threw the election into the House of Representatives, where it was only resolved (in Jefferson's favor) on the thirty-sixth ballot. The hardening of party lines and concomitant voting by party slates (which the Framers had not contemplated) and some dissatisfaction with the way in which electors were chosen in the states led to proposals for change。。。

相比汉初多被戮杀的国父们，美国国父们老谋深算，给总统就4年，搞宪政联邦，力挺州权民权，重视盟约。 Like the Early Han Dynasty founders and dignitaries, they also had bitter rivalries, but mostly resolved them through legal horse-trading without bloodshed. One exception being the duel between Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burr%E2%80%93Hamilton_duel
道德经教育我们， 不要做老板的应声虫，肚里的蛔虫，老板的刀。 要有法制观念，要学习宪法盟约，要自尊，也要尊重别人的权利，不要自作聪明，“代大匠斫”。

所谓的法律公平，都在法普基础上。 Prosecutors often find an easy-to-score, politically safe case to target the Chinese Americans in business and professional workplace. Every professional Chinese American should take a legal workshop and learn about American legal system.
https://committee100.org/espionageworkshops/

DDJ 73. 不争而善胜， 权利法案完

第七十三章
[原文]

勇于敢则杀，勇于不敢则活①。此两者，或利或害②。天之所恶，孰知其故？是以圣人犹难之③。天之道④，不争而善胜，不应而善应，不召而自来，繟然⑤而善谋。天网恢恢⑥，疏而不失⑦。

[译文]

勇于坚强就会死，勇于柔弱就可以活，这两种勇的结果，有的得利，有的受害。天所厌恶的，谁知道是什么缘故？有道的圣人也难以解说明白。自然的规律是，不斗争而善于取胜；不言语而善于应承；不召唤而自动到来，坦然而善于安排筹划。自然的范围，宽广无边，虽然宽疏但并不漏失。

http://www.daodejing.org/73.html

刘邦，萧何，曹参： 此三人，楚之有道者； 勇于不敢，与秦民”约法三章“； 不争而善胜。 以清静治国，萧规曹随，传为美谈。
http://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%90%A7%E8%A7%84%E6%9B%B9%E9%9A%8F

楚与秦百年恩怨，千里伏尸。  项羽勇于敢，好争而不善谋，失之天道； 悲剧复仇者形象，楚人缅怀至今。 
 http://www.baike.com/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A5%9A%E9%9C%B8%E7%8E%8B%E7%A5%A0  

"勇于敢则杀，勇于不敢则活①。此两者，或利或害②。天之所恶，孰知其故？是以圣人犹难之. "  成王败寇，身死则辱，此犬儒主义； 道教不屑为之。

诚既勇兮又以武，终刚强兮不可凌。身既死兮神以灵，魂魄毅兮为鬼雄   

－ 屈原

AMENDMENT IX

The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

AMENDMENT X

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

Bill of Rights (权利法案)最后两条。  注意美国宪法靠足够多州府签字才能正式成为法律。  也就是说，宪法的合法性来自13州，后来变成50州。 所以Bill of Rights是从13州的角度，受13州的要求，联邦支持者们对13州的让步。

13州说： 我们是Good guys.   英国政府耍流氓，我们保护大家。  联邦政府，会不会也对我们耍流氓啊？

Federalists(联邦派)赶紧说： Oh ok.  You are the good guys.  We are with you...    Here are the Bill of Rights for your citizens to be protected from the federal government.   In exachange. please ratify our entire Constitution.

Fast forward 70 years later when Southern States seceded, Northern States controlling Federal government said:  ”States are not always good guys.   We have to protect our citizens from States too. “

自古权势出流氓，有道之士警防之。

Thus the 14th Amendment.  a sneak peek. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution

Bill of Rights 广有运用，华人应熟知。 时事为证：

http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-san-diego-schools-anti-bullying-islamophobia-20170525-story.html

汉初中国也有很强的诸侯分封自治的思想。 东西方价值观，明明源头不一样，可是常有类似。  Are we alone?  天网恢恢，疏而不漏。

https://www.thisamericanlife.org/radio-archives/episode/617/fermis-paradox

正好Memorial Day到了。  美国有什么地方可以缅怀一下二战华裔老兵和中国战场老兵吗？ 入乡随俗，端午节正好一起过。  纪念伍子胥，凭吊屈原，祭祀介之推，项羽也好，缅怀二战华裔老兵和亚洲战场美国老兵更合适：华人可各取所爱。  诚既勇兮又以武，终刚强兮不可凌。身既死兮神以灵，魂魄毅兮为鬼雄。

华人在美国，要是没有可以祭祀先烈的地方，那不算家园。走到哪里，就把本土文化精华，圣贤，英雄，宗教都搬过来， 才能生存绵延.    整个社区，应致力于维护传统宗教文化，融合宪法精神。 孤独推娃顶风爬藤， 不如社区高屋建瓴。

高屋建瓴 【出处】《史记·高祖本纪》：“地势便利，其以下兵于诸侯，譬犹居高屋之上建瓴水也。”

DDJ 72. 游侠之死，第七第八

第七十二章
[原文]

民不畏威①，则大威至②。无狎③其所居，无厌④其所生。夫唯不厌⑤，是以不厌。是以圣人自知不自见⑥，自爱不自贵⑦。故去彼取此⑧。

[译文]

当人民不畏惧统治者的威压时，那么，可怕的祸乱就要到来了。不要逼迫人民不得安居，不要阻塞人民谋生的道路。只有不压迫人民，人民才不厌恶统治者。因此，有道的圣人不但有自知之明，而且也不自我表现；有自爱之心也不自显高贵。所以要舍弃后者（自见、自贵）而保持前者（自知、自爱）。

http://www.daodejing.org/72.html

关尹喜问“刑”。 老子阐述“滥刑”之弊。   民不畏威①，则大威至②。

“无狎③其所居，无厌④其所生。” 这是上古黄帝到夏商周，中国比较一贯的治国方针: 尊重人的隐私，尊重人的生计，无为清静。  

“夫唯不厌⑤，是以不厌。”  不要搞得两看相厌，那时将大厌至。

“是以圣人自知不自见⑥，自爱不自贵。”  大多数人一不小心就搞反了。 自见而不自知，自贵而不自爱。圣人君主这个群体，春秋战国时期，有周室共约， 有侠客们屠龙刀悬在各位“圣人”脖子上，自知自爱倒是常能做到。 一旦大一统君权出了笼子，自知自爱更加渺茫难求。

游侠儿刘邦建立道教汉朝，千古淫棍刘彻滥刑谋杀一代大侠庭外调节第一人郭解。  自此第二个游侠时代黯然收场。 

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%83%AD%E8%A7%A3

笼子没有了， 监督闭嘴了，游侠灭族了，道教滚蛋了。 国本已亡，民畏其威，人贪其利，大奸将出。  

AMENDMENT VII

In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law. 

This clause deals with Jury trial in civil cases (as opposed to criminal cases).

http://www.heritage.org/constitution/#!/amendments/7/essays/159/right-to-jury-in-civil-cases

http://www.heritage.org/constitution/#!/amendments/7/essays/160/reexamination-clause

https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendments/amendment-vii

There are quite a bit of history and historic transition behind this Amendment.   Yet even an important Constitutional concept could lose to time.

https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendments/amendment-vii/the-problem-of-the-seventh-amendment-and-civil-jury-trial-renee-lettow-lern/interp/7

AMENDMENT VIII

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

郭解,  颜异，司马迁，汉文还魂，应该为这一段鼓掌。

DDJ 71. 夫唯病病，是以不病

第七十一章
[原文]

知不知①，尚矣②；不知知③，病也。圣人不病，以其病病④。夫唯病病，是以不病。

[译文]

知道自己还有所不知，这是很高明的。不知道却自以为知道，这就是很糟糕的。有道的圣人没有缺点，因为他把缺点当作缺点。正因为他把缺点当作缺点，所以，他没有缺点。

http://www.daodejing.org/71.html

老子开头，道教出医生；反正就是一个系统一个系统地看，再揉在一起远远近近地看一看，望闻问切。 道士比起西方理发师拔牙当医生还算有些优势，古代道医各方面都有巨大突破。后来道教颓势千年的时候，医学也失传倒退落后，大家不要乱怪道教。 

《韩非子。 喻老》扁鹊见蔡桓公

扁鹊1见蔡桓公2，立3有间4，扁鹊曰：“君有疾5在腠理6，不治将恐7深。”桓侯曰：“寡人8无疾。”扁鹊出，桓侯曰：“医之好治不病以为功9。”

居十日，扁鹊复见曰：“君之病在肌肤10，不治将11益深。”桓侯不应12。扁鹊出，桓侯又不悦。

居13十日14，扁鹊复见曰：“君之病在肠胃，不治将益15深。”桓侯又不应。扁鹊出，桓侯又不悦。

居十日，扁鹊望桓侯而还走16。桓侯故17使人问之，扁鹊曰：“疾在腠理，汤熨18之所及19也；在肌肤，针石20之所及也；在肠胃，火齐21之所及也；在骨髓，司命之所属22，无奈何也23。今在骨髓，臣是以无请也24。”
　　居五日，桓公体痛，使25人索26扁鹊，已逃秦矣，桓侯遂27死。

“ “腹诽”正式作为罪名而出现，是在大农颜异受诛之时。汉武帝与张汤合谋制造了白鹿皮币，向颜异征求意见，颜异提出了不同看法，武帝不悦。张汤本来就与颜异有矛盾，及有人举告颜异发表异议，武帝让张汤审理颜异一案。于是，有了如下的记载：“（颜）异与客语，客语初令下有不便者，异不应，微反唇。（张）汤奏异当九卿见令不便，不入言，而腹诽，论死。自是之后，有腹诽之法，以此而公卿大夫多谄谀取容矣。”（《史记·平准书》）颜异被杀，《资治通鉴》系其事于元狩六年（前117年）。再加以考索，早于颜异被杀十余年的魏其侯窦婴与武安侯田蚡相争一案，所传达的法律信息，必须加以注意。田蚡强加给政敌魏其侯窦婴的罪名是“腹诽而心谤”（《汉书·窦婴传》）。这成为导致窦婴最终被杀的原因之一。问题在于，不论“腹诽”的罪名是出现在窦婴被杀时，还是颜异受诛之时，它都要比“诽谤”更为周纳严苛。”  

http://military.china.com/zh_cn/dljl/hanchao/01/11044487/20100112/15773737.html

AMENDMENT VI

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence.

陪审团（a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law），adversarial 法庭（to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence.）是平民思想，平民安全的保证。  

http://www.heritage.org/constitution/#!/amendments/6/essays/154/jury-trial

Quaker and Jury Trial:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bushel%27s_Case

More Jury Trials in Early America:

http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/juryseminar/EvolutionJury.html

Most of the Constitutional safeguards are procedural.   Injustice, bully, deception, abuse of power will always exist.   公民价值观，宪法价值观，好的宗教价值观， 可以“以其病病，是以不病”。 

歧视到处都有,   有的赤裸裸得可爱，有的牛毛针一样阴险。 任何族群不懂法律，不自己培养律师，不知道保护自己产业生态， 就会被分而亡之。 Zillow Prize on Kaggle ban Chinese entrants:

https://www.zhihu.com/question/60302289/answer/174574173

华人在美国企业生态有很多缺门短门。 Kaggle 既然这么不看好华人，为什么美国华人不支持华人办的Kaggle killer?   Harvard 既然不能公平对待华人，为什么没有华人大学？  黑人大学有100多家了。  美国华人要是有华人大学100多家，还需要求哈佛吗？

没有完整的生态，不要说华人个人， 华人小公司难以存活，连老号工司都随时被祭出去做替罪羊，检察官的升官石。
http://www.npr.org/2017/05/18/528650014/abacus-the-small-chinatown-bank-that-paid-a-high-price

DDJ 70. 言有宗，第五修订

第七十章
[原文]

吾言甚易知，甚易行。天下莫能知，莫能行。言有宗①，事有君②，夫唯无知③，是以不我知。知我者希，则④我者贵。是以圣人被褐⑤而怀玉⑥。

[译文]

我的话很容易理解，很容易施行。但是天下竟没有谁能理解，没有谁能实行。言论有主旨，行事有根据。正由于人们不理解这个道理，因此才不理解我。能理解我的人很少，那么能取法于我的人就更难得了。因此有道的圣人总是穿着粗布衣服，怀里揣着美玉。

http://www.daodejing.org/70.html

老子卖瓜，自卖自夸。吾言甚易知，甚易行。言有宗，事有君。 

”被褐而怀玉“，老子原话颇有点偷乐的情怀。 韩非子和氏璧故事似乎源于此。

http://www.gushiwen.org/GuShiWen_5fc69d689c.aspx

韩非是周－晋－韩王室后裔，周史传人。韩非的著作，改老子不点名的习惯，特别喜欢点名；估计韩非有第一手第二手史料，点名特别有信心，文字特别优美。韩非子是古代第一个广为流传的用史实大数据来解释老子思想的里程碑。 但是周朝晋国早已灭亡，韩非子眼看韩国命运多厄苟延残喘，难免愤青， 连”被褐而怀玉“也染上浓重的愤青悲剧色彩。 

http://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%BA%A1%E5%BE%81

继续围观韩非子同学，愤青地把儒家墨家都用大数据加上典雅的语言骂遍。

http://so.gushiwen.org/guwen/bookv_3542.aspx

道德经像是九阳真经， 被孔子，墨子，韩非子各取所爱， （除了墨徒很早绝迹）， 孔子韩非子徒子徒孙们都得以贯彻两千年的“仁义”－“权术”,  “教化”－“愚民”， 轮番上阵，然而“天下莫能知（全），莫能行（道）”，权利之陶醉，人心之怯懦，知－行之间有不可逾越的鸿沟。 只有张无忌机遇巧合修全九阳真经，可惜张无忌被农民和尚摆一道就黯然归隐。

所以知难，行更难。 老子自卖自夸“吾言甚易知，甚易行。” 话刚出口，就马上意识到“靠－海口夸大了”，赶快改口”天下莫能知，莫能行。“   ”知我者希，则我者贵“。  估计关尹喜一脸懵逼。

汉初的“约法三章”，“九章律” 源头始于黄老之术。 

http://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%B1%89%E6%9C%9D%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6

史记  孝文本纪

http://so.gushiwen.org/guwen/bookv_97.aspx

“大道甚夷，而人好径”。 武帝饱暖思淫欲, 废道尊儒，妄设“腹诽之法”，”春秋决狱“； 动摇国本而恶果暂时不显，流毒2000年。  又扯远了。 两千年后...

AMENDMENT V

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

Bill of Rights were written to be concise, and easily remembered by citizens and laymen.   Half of the Bills of Rights protect the citizens through legal due process. Each of these concepts are worthy of expansion.   Due Process:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Due_Process_Clause

http://www.heritage.org/constitution/#!/amendments/5/essays/150/due-process-clause

Double Jeopardy:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_jeopardy

http://www.heritage.org/constitution/#!/amendments/5/essays/148/double-jeopardy

Self Incrimination, please click away:

http://www.heritage.org/constitution/#!/amendments/5/essays/149/self-incrimination

http://www.heritage.org/constitution/#!/amendments/5/essays/151/takings-clause

Grand Jury is different from Jury Trial.   Jury trial is covered by other clauses in Constitution and Amendments.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_juries_in_the_United_States

“despite the original purpose of the Fifth Amendment, most observers now agree that the grand jury has returned to its accusatory roots and is now used as an investigative tool that is much more of a benefit to the prosecutor than to criminal suspects. Grand juries today have broad subpoena power, which enables them to gather an extraordinary amount of evidence in criminal investigations. Suspects often waive the right to grand-jury review of their case; they may prefer to forgo the minimal protection that comes from this review and avoid the potential for a more searching investigation of their conduct.”

斗转星移，不忘初心者几乎？ 千秋万代，不忘其本者几乎？ 教育目标很单纯， 上善若水，消毒，思源。 儒法皆毒，理论上以毒攻毒，一个急发作，一个慢发作； 实际上神仙打架，凡人遭殃。 不如被褐怀玉，非怀玉也，过滤消毒石也。